Effects of Biofertilizer and NPK Fertilizer to Increase the Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Planted In Fusarium oxysporum Infected Soils

Elizabeth Kaya, Diana Mailuhu, A Marthin Kalay, Abraham Talahaturuson, Anastasia T. Hartanti

Abstract


One of the tomato plants diseases is wilting due to Fusarium oxysporum attack. Biological control and management of soil fertility are efficient options. Efforts to increase soil fertility are using organic and inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to assess and obtain doses of sago ela compost added by Trichoderma and Azotobacter (KESTA) and organic liquid fertilizer (POC) or NPK to increase tomato plants growth on pathogen Fusarium oxysporium infected-soil both on nurseries and pots. The treatments tested were the dose of KESTA (K0 = Without KESTA, K1 = 15 tons of KESTA ha-1, K2 = 30 tons of KESTA ha-1, K3 = 45 tons of KESTA ha-1) and two types of fertilizers, namely: (P0 = Without Fertilizer, P1 = liquid organic fertilizer (POC) 10 mL L-1 P2 = NPK fertilizer 1,000 kg ha-1). This study was designed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that (1) the application of KESTA and fertilizers (POC and NPK) effects the wilt disease intensity, plant height, plant fresh and dry weight at the age of 28 days after planting; and the plant height at the age of 35 days after planting, (2) The most effective dose of KESTA is 45 tons ha-1, because it can reduce the intensity of withering up to 61.92%. Meanwhile, the types of NPK and POC fertilizers could reduce the intensity of the disease by 23.08% and 13.32%, respectively, (3) the application KESTA of 45 ton / ha is more effective if given with POC or NPK, as shown by the increasing in plant height, fresh and dry weight at the age of 28 days after planting in the nursery, and plant height at the age 35 days after planting in pot.


Keywords


Biofertilizer, Trichoderma harzianum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Tomat, Fusarium wilt

Full Text:

PDF

References


Suraniningsih. 2010. Mari Berkebun Tomat. CV Sinar Cemerlang Abadi, Jakarta.

Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016. Provinsi Maluku Dalam Angka.

Samekto, R. 2008. Pemupukan., Yogyakarta: PT Citra Aji Parama

Hanafiah, K. A. 2012. Dasar – Dasar Ilmu Tanah. PT Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta. 360 halaman.

Kaya, E. 2010. Ketersediaan Fosfat, dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Akibat Pemberian Bokasi Ela Sagu dengan Pupuk Fosfat pada Ultisols. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9: 30-36.

Kalay, A.M dan F.W. Wijayanti. 2011. Pengaruh Bokelas dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogeal. L). Agriminal 1(1) : 28-32.

Talahaturuson, A. 2015. Efek Pemberian Bokelas Plus dan Agens Hayati (Trichoderma harzianum dan Azotobacter chroococccum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Serangan Penyakit Busuk Daun Pada Sawi (Brassica juncea L).Tesis.

Maryanto dan Rahmi, A. 2013. Pengaruh Jenis dan Dosis Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum) Varietas Permata. Jurnal AGRIFOR Volume XIV.

Maharani, B. R., 2013. Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Hayati (Biofertilizer) Dan Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), Skripsi, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.

Litbang, 2011. http://yogya. litbang. pertanian.go.id/ind/index. hp?option=com_ content &view= article&id=706:budidaya-tomat-&catid=14:alsin [17/09/2017].

Subhan, N., Nurtika, dan N. Gunadi. 2007. Respons Tanaman Tomat terhadap Penggunaan Pupuk Majemuk NPK 15-15-15 pada Tanah Latosol pada Musim Kemarau. J. Hort. 19(1):40-48.

Borrero, C., M.I. Trillas, J. Ordovas, J.C. Tello, and M. Aviles. 2004. Predictive Factors for the Suppression of Fusarium wilt of Tomato in Plant Growth Medium. Phytophatology 94(10) : 1094 -1101.

Semangun, H. 2007. Penyakit-penyakit Tanaman Hortikultura di Indonesia. Edisi Kedua.Gajah Mada University Press.

Novita, T. 2011. Trichoderma sp. dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat. Biospecies, 4 (2) : 27 – 29.

Kalay, A.M., Uluputty M.R.., Leklioy J.M.A., Hindersah, R. dan A. Talahaturuson. 2016. Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Konsorsium dan Inokulan Padat Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Produktifitas tanaman sawi pada lahan terkontaminasi Rhizoctonia solani. Jurnal Agrologia Volume 5 hal: 78-76.

Kalay, A.M., A. I. Latupapua., dan H. Talahatu. 2015. Efek Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. dan Bokasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao yang ditanaman pada tanah Terinfeksi Phytophthora palmivora. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 7(1): 75-87.

Kalay, A.M. 2006. Pengujian tiga Spesies Jamur Sebagai Agens Pegendali Globodera rostochiensis (Woll). J. Peng. Wil. 2:116-121.

Kalay, A.M. dan A. Talahaturuson. 2014. Perbanyakan Trichoderma harzianum pada Media Berbasis Ela Sagu. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 6(2) : 105-113.

Hindersah, R., A.M. Kalay., A. Jacob., A. Talahaturuson. 2014. Potensi Lokal Untuk Media Pupuk Hayati. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 6 (1): 74-82.

Uruilal, C., Kalay, A.M., Kaya, E dan A. Siregar. 2012. Pemanfaatan Ela sagu, Sekan, dan Dedak Sebagai Media Perbanyakan Agens Hayati Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Jurnal Agologia 1: 21-30.

Simanungkalit, R.D.M., Suriadikarta, D.A., Saraswati, R., D dan W. Hartatik. 2006. Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati: Organic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer. Balai Besar Litbang Semberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Hindersah, R dan T. Simarmata. 2004.”Potensi Rizobakteri Azotobacter dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Tanah”. Jurnal Natur Indonesia. 5(2), 127-133.

Al-Azawi, A.O., Nawar, H.H and M.I. Abdulla. 2012. Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersisi by plant growth promoting bacteria on tomato plant. The 2nd Scientific Conference the Collage of Agriculture. Ministry of Science & Technology/Directorate of Agricultural Researches.

Ogbomo, L.K.E. 2011. Comparison of growth, yield performance and profitability of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) under different fertilizer types in humid forest ultisols. Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci. 1(8): 332-338.

Lusiati. 2017. Uji Ketahanan Tomat F1 dari Parental Terpapar Medan magnet 0,2 mT dan di Infeksi Fusarium oxysporum terhadap Serangan Penyakit Layu Fusarium. Tesis.

Istifadah, N., Sunarto, T., Kartiwa, D.E., dan D. Herdiyanto. 2008. Kemampuan Kompos Plus dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Tomat. Jurnal Agrikultura. ISSN 0853-2885.

Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology. 5th ed. New York : Academic Press.

Amini, J. 2009. Physiological Race of Fusarium oxysporum in Kurdistan Province of Iran and reaction of Some Tomato Cultivars to Race 1 of Pathogen. Plant Pathology Journal, 8:68-73.

Gunadi, R. 1997. Pengaruh iklim terhadap perkembangan penyakit layu Fusarium pada cabai di beberapa topoklimat di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 3(2):93-99.

Siregar, MS. 2012.Pertahanan Metabolik Dan Enzim Litik Dalam Mekanisme Resistensi Tanaman Terhadap Serangan Patogen.Program Ilmu Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan

Agrawal, A., Sadie,T., dan Elizabeth, B. 1999. Induced Plant defense Against Pathogens and Herbivors, Biochemistry, Ecology and Agriculture. APS Press. St. Paul, Minnesota.

Dhalimi, A. 2003. Pengaruh sekam dan abu sekam terhadap pertumbuhan dan kematian tanaman panili (Vannila planifolia Andrews) di pembibitan. Buletin TRO 14(2):46-57

Harman, G. E. 2006. Overview of mechanism and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 94:190-194.

Kasa, P., Modugapalem H. and K. Battini. 2015. Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolates of Azotobacter and Trichoderma and their beneficial activities. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 6(2): 360–363

Al-Azawi, A.O., Nawar, H.H and M.I. Abdulla. 2012. Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersisi by plant growth promoting bacteria on tomato plant. The 2nd Scientific Conference the Collage of Agriculture. Ministry of Science & Technology/Directorate of Agricultural Researches.

Vikhe, P.S. 2014. Azotobacter spesies as a Natural Plant Hormone Synthesizer. Res. J. Recent. Sci. Vol. 3(IVC) : 59-63.

Wiratama IDM, Sudiarta IP, Sukewijaya IM, Sumiartha K, Utama SMS, 2013. Kajian Ketahanan Beberapa Galur dan Varietas Cabai Terhadap Serangan Antraknosa di Desa Abang Songan Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika. 2(2): 71-81.

Indriani, Y.H. 2003. Membuat Kompos Secara Kilat. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.

Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 70/Permentan /Sr.140 /10/2011 Tentang Pupuk Organik, Pupuk Hayati Dan Pembenah Tanah.

Dwidjoseputro, D. 1988. Pengantar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Gramedia, Jakarta.

Prihmantoro, H. 2007. Memupuk Tanaman Sayuran. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta

Lingga, P. 2008. Petunjuk Penggunaan Pupuk. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.

Hendaryono, D.P.S dan Wijayani. 2011. Teknik Kultur Jaringan, Kanikus, Yogyakarta.

Herdiyantoro, 2008. Fauna Tanah dan Peranannya dalam Ekosistem Tanah. Laboratorium Biologi dan Bioteknologi Tanah. Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran.

Jian-bing, Z., Y. Jing-song, Y. Rong-jiang, Y. Shi-peng, L. Furong, and H. Xiao-jing. 2013. The effects of farmyard manure and mulch on soil physical properties in a reclaimed coastal tidal flat salt-affected soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. Advanced Online Publication. 14p

Munawar, A. 2011. Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman. IPB Press.

Kalay, A.M., Reginawanti Hindersah., A. Talahaturuson., and A. I. Latupapua 2017. Dua Inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum and Trichoderma harzianum to Control Leaf Blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and Increase Yield of Choy Sum. International Journalof Scientific & Engineeering Research Volume 8:1288-1292.

Kullnig, C., Mach, R.L., Lorito, M and C.P. Kubicek. 2000. Enzyme Diffusion from Trichoderma atroviride (= T. harzianum P1) to Rhizoctonia solani is a prerequisite for triggering of Trichoderma ech24. Gene Expression before Mycoparasitic Contact Appl Environ Mikrobiol. 66(5): 2232-2234.

Martinez-Medina, A.A., Alguicil, M.D.M., Pascul J.A. and S.C.M. Van Wess. 2014. Phytohormkne Profiles Induced by Trichoderma Isolates Corespond With Ther Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity on Melon Plants. Jurnal Of Chemical Ecology :40(7) : 804-15.

Simarmata, A., Sumarni, Y. dan D.H Arief. 2003. Teknologi bioremediasi untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan kesehatan tanah dan produktifitas tanaman pada ekosistem lahan kering dan era pertanian ramah lingkungan di Indonesia. Makalah dipresentasikan pada Seminar Kajian Keilmuan Pertanian Program Pascasarjana Universitas Padjajdjaran. Bandung 14 Juli 2003.

Wedhastri, S. 2002. Isolasi dan seleksi Azotobacter spp. Penghasil Faktor Tumbuh dan Penambat Nitrogen dari Tanah Masam. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 3(1): 45-51.

Egamberdiyeva, D. 2007. The effect of PGPR on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Maize in Two Different Soils. Applied Soil Ecology. 36(1): 184-189.

Monga, D. 2001. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on spore germination, biomass production and antifungal metabolites by species of Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Ind. Phytopathol., 54: 435‒43.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajibt.v9i2.1163

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




View My Stats